LE3 .A278 1999

1999

Stewart, Ralph

Acadia University

Master of Arts

Masters

English

English & Theatre Studies

The life of Edward Irving was one of the most tragic in church history. In the decade following his arrival in London, in the fall of 1822, he became an enormously popular preacher, was friendly with important politicians and writers, faded into obscurity, was excommunicated, and died from exhaustion at the age of forty-two. From 1826, Irving's focus changed from preaching a straightforward gospel message to warning of Christ's return. Four years later he became extremely unorthodox and encouraged speaking in tongues. His preaching grew more narrow and vehement, and his interpretation of scripture more highly personal. Finally, in 1830, he was excommunicated from the Presbyterian church for preaching "the sinfulness of Christ's humanity". Why was he initially so popular, and why did he deteriorate so drastically in both popular and personal terms? Two main avenues of investigation are: (1) his writings (he wrote all of his sermons) and (2) his relationships with Thomas Carlyle and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. His writings shed light on his theology, style, and overall appeal. His relationship with Carlyle reveals a man who was rooted in his past, was sensitive to human nature, and was respected by those close to him. Through Coleridge's eyes, however, we start to see his degeneration as one who was hungry after knowledge, easily flattered and easily led. In the end, Irving came to resemble, in many ways, a dangerous, cultish leader. He became his own authority, neglected the advice of friends, distanced himself from society, and gathered around him a group of people who relied on him for guidance. However, he remained motivated by an idealistic spiritual vision: that religion be fresh and motivating, and that God be seen as active and accessible.

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